$4M (actual $3.4M) appropriations will be used to purchase of core equipment items, upgrade existing ANH Core Facilities, to supplement research activities among the ANH institutions and recruit and train new specialized personnel. The intent of this program is to foster multidisciplinary nanomedicine projects and to encourage communication between ANH member institutions that may lead to future extramural funding. The ANH has demonstrated that by providing its researchers with seed funding to facilitate cutting-edge research, this significantly increases the potential to achieve larger, peer-reviewed grants, in addition to contributing to the development of new publications and intellectual property. The ANH will also sponsor programmatically more developed collaborative nanomedicine projects in efforts to facilitate the accrual of scientific critical mass needed to acquire competitive advantage when pursuing Center-of-Excellence level Federal funding opportunities. 3 Pre-Center Grants and 10 Seed Grants have been selected and are due to commence in September 2009. Further details will be added to each at a later stage: